台灣小花鱸 Chelidoperca formosa Tang & Ho, 2021, sp. nov.
小花鱸屬 Chelidoperca (也稱為赤鮨),為鮨科鮨亞科 (Serraninae) 的一屬。小花鱸在過去並沒有得到太多的關注 (2010年前),不過近十年裡陸續受到分類學者們的青睞,所以這段時間一直都有新種或重新描述文章的發表。筆者去年在機緣巧合下開始研究小花鱸屬的分類,並且在採樣時發現疑似未被描述的物種。經過研究,筆者把這個物種描述為新種,命名為 Chelidoperca formosa,中文名可譯為台灣小花鱸或福爾摩沙小花鱸。
連同台灣小花鱸,Chelidoperca 目前有19個有效種,其中約一半在近十年發表。小花鱸屬的基本形態特徵有: 1. 身體延長;2. 背鰭硬棘數10,軟條10 (很少9或11);3. 臀鰭硬棘數III,軟十條7 (很少6);4. 脊椎骨數 10 (尾前椎) + 14 (尾椎) = 14,等等。本屬的物種絕大多數分佈在印度-西太平洋海域,只有一種分佈在大西洋(西非沿岸) -- 非洲小花鱸 Chelidoperca africana。小花鱸一般棲息在較深水的沙泥底(如陸棚環境),及海底山的頂部,因此小花鱸偶爾出現在深水底拖的漁獲裡,或許被深水一支釣方式捕獲(較大型的物種)。至於台灣小花鱸,是在筆者第一次前往高雄蚵仔寮漁港底拖下雜魚加工場,在底拖漁獲裡找到的,共四尾標本。不過後來幾次去蚵仔寮採樣,再沒有發現更多的個體,所以台灣小花鱸只採用了四尾標本描述。
Fig. 1. C. formosa,正模標本,66.2 mm SL |
Chelidoperca formosa Tang & Ho, 2021
Fig. 2. C. formosa 的兩尾副模標本,57.0 mm SL (NMMB-P34816) 及 51.8 mm SL (NMMSTP002345) |
- 側線鱗數35–38 (一般35–36),見表1
- 側線-背鰭第六硬棘間的鱗列數4,見表1
- 臉頰鱗列4–5
- 下頜:隅骨(angular)面被鱗,齒骨(dentary)面不具鱗
- 背前鱗延至兩眼眶間的中段位置,不前於眼眶前緣
- 鰓耙數4–6(上枝)+10–11(下枝),當中完整棒狀鰓耙(1+7–8)
- 2nd-6th背鰭硬棘相對較長,8th-9th 背鰭硬棘相對較短
- 新鮮體色: 體色橙紅,具四條深紅色寬橫帶;背鰭軟條部分具數條黃色縱帶;臀鰭軟條部分具數列小黃點;尾鰭上葉末端紅色*。
- 保存後:體軸上具四團黑色素
與近似種的比較
- 第 2–6背鰭硬棘明顯較長 [vs. 較短 (C. barazeri)]
- 第 2–6背鰭硬棘明顯較長 [vs. 較短 (C. stella)]
- 體色紅,有暗紅色的橫帶 (vs. 粉紅、沒有明顯橫帶)
- 下頜:齒骨(dentary)面不具鱗 (vs. 被鱗)
Fig. 3. C. stella |
- 側線鱗較少,35–38 [vs. 37–42 (C. tosaensis)]
- 第 2–6背鰭硬棘明顯較長 (vs. 較短 C. barazeri)
- 鰓蓋上緣不具明顯紅斑 (vs. 具明顯紅斑)
References:
Bineesh,
K.K., Akhilesh, K.V., Abdussamad E.M. & Pillai, N.G.K. (2013) Chelidoperca maculicauda, a new species
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Heemstra, P.C. & Anderson, W.D. Jr. (2016) 2356. In: Carpenter, K. E. & Angelis, N.D. (eds.) The living marine resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Perciformes to Tetraodontiformes) and Sea turtles. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes, Rome, FAO. i-xiii + 2343-3124.
Lee, S.-H., Lee, M.-Y., Matsunuma, M. & Chen, W.-J. (2019) Exploring the phylogeny and species diversity of Chelidoperca (Teleostei: Serranidae) from the western Pacific Ocean by an integrated approach in systematics, with descriptions of three new species and redescription of C. lecromi Fourmanoir, 1982. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6 (465), 1–39.
Matsunuma, M., Yamakawa, T. & Hoshino, K. (2019) Review of Japanese records of Chelidoperca margaritifera Weber, 1913 (Serranidae); misidentifications of C. santosi Williams and Carpenter, 2015 and C. tosaensis Matsunuma, Yamakawa & Williams, 2017. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 66 (2), 227–236.
Matsunuma, M., Yamakawa, T. & Williams, J.T. (2018) Chelidoperca tosaensis, a new species of perchlet (Serranidae) from Japan and the Philippines, with geographic range extension of C. stella to the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Ichthyological Research, 65, 210–230.
Matsunuma, M., Tan, H.-H. & Peristiwady, T. (2020) Chelidoperca flavolineata, a new species of perchlet (Perciformes: Serranidae) from Indonesia and first Indonesian record of C. maculicauda. Ichthyological Research, 67, 308–319.
Matsunuma, M., & Tashiro, F. (2020). Redescription of the serranid perchlet Chelidoperca pleurospilus (Günther, 1880). Zootaxa, 4830 (1), 141–160.
Ogino, A., Lee, S.-H., Chen, W.-J. & Matsunuma, M. (2019) Chelidoperca cerasina sp. nov., a new perchlet (Perciformes: Serranidae) from the southwest Pacific Ocean. Ichthyological Research, 67, 117–132.
Psomadakis, P.N., Gon, O. & Htut, T. (2021) Two new species of the genus Chelidoperca (Perciformes: Serranidae) from the Andaman Sea, eastern Indian Ocean. Zootaxa, 4927 (1), 87‒103.
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